Understanding Gum Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

At Martin Dentistry, Dr. Matt Martin, Dr. Stephanie Martin, Dr. Lynn Marshall, and Dr. Lindsey Garrison are dedicated to helping patients understand the importance of gum health. Gum disease is a common condition, but it’s one that can have serious consequences if left untreated. In this blog, we’ll break down the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for gum disease, so you can take proactive steps to protect your oral health.

What is Gum Disease?

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the tissues that surround and support your teeth. It starts with bacterial growth in the mouth and, if untreated, can lead to tooth loss and other serious health problems.

Causes of Gum Disease

Gum disease typically starts with plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on your teeth after eating and drinking. If plaque isn’t removed through brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional. When plaque and tartar build up, they irritate the gums and cause inflammation, leading to gum disease. Other contributing factors include:

• Poor oral hygiene
• Smoking or using tobacco
• Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy or menopause
• Diabetes
• Certain medications that reduce saliva flow
• Genetics

Symptoms of Gum Disease

Recognizing the early signs of gum disease is key to preventing its progression. Common symptoms include:

• Red, swollen, or tender gums
• Bleeding gums, especially after brushing or flossing
• Bad breath that doesn’t go away
• Receding gums or gums pulling away from your teeth
• Loose or shifting teeth
• Pain when chewing

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to schedule an appointment with us at Martin Dentistry for a thorough examination.

The Stages of Gum Disease

• Gingivitis: This is the earliest stage of gum disease and is characterized by gum inflammation without affecting the bone. It’s caused by the buildup of plaque along the gumline. At this stage, gum disease is reversible with proper care and professional cleanings.
• Periodontitis: If gingivitis is not treated, it can advance to periodontitis. At this stage, the gum tissue begins to pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that become infected. The bone and tissue that support the teeth are damaged, which can eventually lead to tooth loss.

Treatment Options for Gum Disease

The good news is that gum disease can be treated, especially when caught early. The treatment you receive will depend on the stage of the disease.

• Professional Cleanings: During regular dental checkups, Dr. Matt Martin, Dr. Stephanie Martin, Dr. Lynn Marshall, or Dr. Lindsey Garrison will perform a thorough cleaning to remove plaque and tartar from your teeth and gums, helping to reverse gingivitis.
• Scaling and Root Planing: For more advanced gum disease, this deep-cleaning procedure is used to remove plaque and tartar from below the gumline. The roots of the teeth are then smoothed to help the gums reattach to the teeth.
• Antibiotics: In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to help control infection and reduce inflammation.
• Surgical Treatments: For severe gum disease, surgical options such as flap surgery or bone grafts may be necessary to restore the damaged tissue and bone around the teeth.

Preventing Gum Disease

The best way to prevent gum disease is through good oral hygiene and regular dental visits. Here are some tips:

• Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.
• Floss daily to remove plaque from between your teeth and under the gumline.
• Avoid smoking, as it is a significant risk factor for gum disease.
• Maintain a balanced diet to support your immune system.

At Martin Dentistry, we take gum health seriously. Dr. Matt Martin, Dr. Stephanie Martin, Dr. Lynn Marshall, and Dr. Lindsey Garrison are here to help you prevent, diagnose, and treat gum disease. By staying proactive and addressing the early signs, you can maintain healthy gums and a bright smile for years to come. If you have any concerns about gum disease or would like to schedule an exam, contact us today!